A “painless injection” is the #1 criterion for the patient to judge a dentist and several aspects must be taken into account in order to perform a painless, comfortable and effective anesthetic injection. In this program Professor Malamed will discuss the means to making dental local anesthetic injections both more effective and more comfortable – even with pulpitis. Topics include: articaine; buffering (the local anesthetic ‘on switch’); phentolamine (the local anesthetic ‘off switch’); and computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (C-CLAD). An algorithm for more successful mandibular anesthesia will also be presented.